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Ecologia e emergenze ambientali: Marine pollution

18/11/2018 Lascia un commento

Scritto da admin

This picture taken on December 13, 2011 shows a woman collecting a sample of the red polluted water flowing from a sewer into the Jian River in Luoyang, north China’s Henan province. The cause of the river becoming apocalyptic in character was red dye being dumped into the city’s storm water pipe network, by two illegal dye workshops,the Luoyang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said on December 14, 2011, as authorities said they were working to shut down the workshops, and to disassemble the workshops’ machinery. AFP PHOTO CHINA OUT

Over 80% of marine pollution comes from land-based activities
From plastic bags to pesticides – most of the waste we produce on land eventually reaches the oceans, either through deliberate dumping or from run-off through drains and rivers. This includes:

Oil
Oil spills cause huge damage to the marine environment – but in fact are responsible for only around 12% of the oil entering the seas each year. According to a study by the US National Research Council, 36% comes down drains and rivers as waste and runoff from cities and industry.

dreadful effects by oil spilling are hard to be tackled … oil could stay for years and kills marine species including birds, turtles and shells. Local ecology is disrupted for long time.

The effects on the environment are visible and dreadful, quite hard to be tackled. Oil spills can last for years, extinguishing marine and terrestrial species as birds, reptiles and mammals. A number of techniques are available but Time is still an important factor. Preventive measures and smart organisation are necessary to be able to intervene in a fast and adequate manner.

Fertilizers
Fertilizer runoff from farms and lawns is a huge problem for coastal areas.

eutrophication at Okeechobee lake, Florida …. 2016

Extra nutrients cause eutrophication, i.e. flourishing of algal blooms, that deplete the water’s dissolved oxygen and may suffocate other marine life. Eutrophication has created enormous dead zones in several parts of the world, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Baltic Sea. Dead zones are affecting cean cycle and reduce carbon dioxide filtering by Ocean, i.e. more CO2 in the atmosphere generates temperature increase.

20111103043014_IlPacifictrashvortexharaggiuntodimensioniimpressionanti

plastic gyro vortex are present in many oceans … their effects includes micropollution by plastic pellets which are swallowed by fish and other marine animals and enter in our food chain

Seas of garbage
Solid garbage also makes its way to the ocean. Plastic bags, balloons, glass bottles, shoes, packaging material – if not disposed of correctly, almost everything we throw away can reach the sea. Plastic garbage, which decomposes very slowly, is often mistaken for food by marine animals. High concentrations of plastic material, particularly plastic bags, have been found blocking the breathing passages and stomachs of many marine species, including whales, dolphins, seals, puffins, and turtles. Plastic six-pack rings for drink bottles can also choke marine animals. This garbage can also come back to shore, where it pollutes beaches and other coastal habitats.

plastics as well other garbage may accumulate along coastlines creating unmanageable situation. A more keen attention by us may reduce the impact

Sewage disposal
In many parts of the world, sewage flows untreated, or under-treated, into the ocean. For example, 80% of urban sewage discharged into the Mediterranean Sea is untreated. This sewage can also lead to eutrophication. In addition, it can cause human disease and lead to beach closures.

illegal sewages are present in all the world against all national and international regulations. Should we comment more?

Toxic chemicals
Almost every marine organism, from the tiniest plankton to whales and polar bears, is contaminated with man-made chemicals, such as pesticides and chemicals used in common consumer products. Some of these chemicals enter the sea through deliberate dumping. For centuries, the oceans have been a convenient dumping ground for waste generated on land. This continued until the 1970s, with dumping at sea the accepted practise for disposal of nearly everything, including toxic material such as pesticides, chemical weapons, and radioactive waste. Dumping of the most toxic materials was banned by the London Dumping Convention in 1972, and an amended treaty in 1996 (the London Convention) further restricted what could be dumped at sea. However, there are still the problems of already-dumped toxic material, and even the disposal of permitted substances at sea can be a substantial environmental hazard.

chemical blobs are disgusting also on comics … chemical pollution affects our health causing cancer and immunitarian diseases

Chemicals
Chemicals also enter the sea from land-based activities. Chemicals can escape into water, soil, and air during their manufacture, use, or disposal, as well as from accidental leaks or fires in products containing these chemicals. Once in the environment, they can travel for long distances in air and water, including ocean currents. People once assumed that the ocean was so large that all pollutants would be diluted and dispersed to safe levels. But in reality, they have not disappeared – and some toxic man-made chemicals have even become more concentrated as they have entered the food chain.

Air, water and soil pollution are BAD … we may reduce the human impact by a more conscious approach. It is not a ission impossible but up to us to save our species

So, what are the effects over our species?
Besides, tiny animals at the bottom of the food chain, such as plankton in the oceans, absorb the chemicals as they feed. Because they do not break down easily, the chemicals accumulate in these organisms, becoming much more concentrated in their bodies than in the surrounding water or soil. These organisms are eaten by small animals, and the concentration rises again. These animals are in turn eaten by larger animals, which can travel large distances with their even further increased chemical load. Animals higher up the food chain, such as seals, can have contamination levels millions of times higher than the water in which they live. And polar bears, which feed on seals, can have contamination levels up to 3 billion times higher than their environment.

cigarette butts are some of the most polluting materials … they contain hundred of different toxins that are released in the floor … reaching water basins and polluting lakes, rivers and … seas BE AWARE don’t throw butts on the floor … it is unlawful and awful

People become contaminated either directly from household products or by eating contaminated seafood and animal fats. Evidence is mounting that a number of man-made chemicals can cause serious health problems – including cancer, damage to the immune system, behavioural problems, and reduced fertility.